Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a condition characterized by an abnormal increase in the number or type of bacteria in the small intestine. This overgrowth can interfere with normal digestion and nutrient absorption.
Symptoms
Symptoms of SIBO may include:
Abdominal bloating and distension
Abdominal pain or discomfort
Malnutrition or unintentional weight loss
Causes
SIBO can be caused by various factors, including:
Impaired small intestine motility
Structural abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract
Conditions that disrupt the normal balance of gut bacteria
Use of certain medications such as proton pump inhibitors or antibiotics
Risk Factors
Risk factors for SIBO include:
Conditions that affect gastrointestinal motility, such as gastroparesis or scleroderma.
Structural abnormalities in the gastrointestinal tract, such as strictures or diverticula.
Previous gastrointestinal surgery.
Chronic use of medications that alter gut flora.
Investigations
Diagnosing SIBO may involve:
Breath tests to detect the presence of hydrogen or methane gas produced by bacteria in the small intestine.
Small bowel aspirate or culture to directly assess bacterial overgrowth.
Imaging tests such aCT orMRI to evaluate for structural abnormalities.
Management
Management of SIBO typically involves:
Antibiotic therapy to eradicate bacterial overgrowth.
Dietary modifications, such as a low-FODMAP diet, to reduce symptoms and prevent recurrence.
Prokinetic agents to improve gastrointestinal motility.
Treating underlying conditions contributing to SIBO, such as diabetes or scleroderma.
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