Lactose intolerance is a common digestive disorder characterized by the inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and dairy products. It results from a deficiency of lactase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down lactose in the small intestine.
Symptoms
Symptoms of lactose intolerance may include:
Abdominal pain and cramping
Causes
Lactose intolerance is caused by a deficiency of lactase enzyme activity in the small intestine, which can be primary (genetic) or secondary (due to injury or disease).
Risk Factors
Risk factors for lactose intolerance include:
Ethnicity (more common in individuals of Asian, African, or Native American descent)
Age (lactase activity tends to decline with age)
Gastrointestinal conditions such as celiac disease or Crohn's disease
Investigations
Diagnosing lactose intolerance may involve:
Lactose intolerance tests, such as lactose tolerance test or hydrogen breath test.
Exclusion of other gastrointestinal conditions with similar symptoms.
Management
Management of lactose intolerance typically involves:
Avoiding lactose-containing foods and beverages.
Using lactase enzyme supplements to aid in lactose digestion.
Choosing lactose-free or low-lactose dairy alternatives.
Monitoring for hidden sources of lactose in processed foods and medications.
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