Peptic ulcer disease refers to the development of open sores or ulcers in the lining of the stomach, duodenum, or esophagus. These ulcers are typically caused by the erosion of the protective mucosal layer by stomach acid and digestive juices.
Symptoms
Burning pain in the abdomen, often occurring between meals or at night
Bloating or feeling of fullness
Belching (burping) and flatulence
Causes
Peptic ulcers can be caused by:
Infection with Helicobacter pylori bacteria
Very rarely may represent a consequence of a malignant process
Risk Factors
Risk factors for peptic ulcer disease include:
Excessive alcohol consumption
Investigations
Diagnosing peptic ulcer disease may involve:
Upper endoscopy to visualize the stomach and duodenum.
Testing for H. pylori infection through blood, stool, or breath tests.
Cross section imaging including CT scan or MRi imaging (we don’t really do any x-rays ever in practice)
Management
Management of peptic ulcer disease typically includes:
Antibiotics to eradicate H. pylori infection.
Proton pump inhibitors or H2 blockers to reduce stomach acid production.
Avoiding NSAIDs and other irritants.
Lifestyle modifications such as quitting smoking and reducing alcohol consumption.
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