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Gastric cancer, also known as stomach cancer, is a malignancy that arises from the inner lining of the stomach. While its incidence has declined in recent years, it remains a significant global health concern, particularly in certain regions where risk factors are more prevalent.
In its early stages, gastric cancer often presents nonspecific symptoms, leading to delayed diagnosis. However, as the disease progresses, individuals may experience:
Several factors contribute to the development of gastric cancer, including:
Routine screening for gastric cancer is not recommended for the general population in most countries. However, individuals with specific risk factors or concerning symptoms may undergo diagnostic tests, including:
Direct visualization of the stomach lining using a flexible tube with a camera, allowing for biopsy and tissue sampling.
Imaging to assess the extent of cancer spread and identify metastases in nearby lymph nodes or organs.
Endoscopic ultrasound -used if cancer is identified for staging purposes as well in addition to better evaluation certain types of lesions seen on upper endoscopy.
Early detection through screening can lead to timely intervention, improving treatment outcomes and prognosis.
Treatment for gastric cancer varies based on factors such as cancer stage, type, location, and overall health. Common treatment modalities include:
Surgical removal of the cancerous tissue, often accompanied by removal of nearby lymph nodes.
Systemic treatment using drugs to kill cancer cells or shrink tumors, either before or after surgery.
Targeted radiation to destroy cancer cells or relieve symptoms, often used in combination with surgery or chemotherapy.
Drugs targeting specific molecular pathways in cancer cells to inhibit growth and spread, particularly in advanced or metastatic disease.
Activation of the body's immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
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