Celiac disease is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. This immune reaction damages the lining of the small intestine, leading to malabsorption of nutrients.
Symptoms
Symptoms of celiac disease can vary widely and may include:
Abdominal pain and bloating
Dermatitis herpetiformis (itchy skin rash)
Causes
Celiac disease is caused by an abnormal immune response to gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. Environmental factors may also play a role in triggering the condition. This causes flattening of the small bowel villi, decreasing absorption of nutrients.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for celiac disease include:
Family history of celiac disease or other autoimmune disorders.
Genetic predisposition (presence of specific HLA genes).
Certain medical conditions such. as type 1 diabetes or autoimmune thyroid disease.
Investigations
Diagnosing celiac disease may involve:
Blood tests to detect antibodies associated with celiac disease (such as anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies).
Upper endoscopy with biopsy to assess the extent of damage to the small intestine. This is essential in definitively confirming the diagnosis of celiac disease
Management
Management of celiac disease typically involves:
Following a strict gluten-free diet for life, avoiding all sources of gluten.
Nutritional supplementation to address deficiencies.
Monitoring for complications such as osteoporosis and vitamin deficiencies.
Education and support from healthcare professionals and support groups.
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