Gluten intolerance, also known as non-celiac gluten sensitivity, is a condition characterized by gastrointestinal and/or extra-intestinal symptoms in response to the ingestion of gluten. Unlike celiac disease, gluten intolerance does not involve an autoimmune response or damage to the small intestine.
Symptoms
Symptoms of gluten intolerance may include:
Abdominal pain and bloating
Causes
The exact cause of gluten intolerance is unclear, but it is believed to involve an abnormal sensitivity to components of gluten.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for gluten intolerance may include:
Family history of gluten intolerance or celiac disease
Previous gastrointestinal infections or conditions
Investigations
Diagnosing gluten intolerance can be challenging and may involve:
Exclusion of celiac disease and wheat allergy through blood tests and/or biopsy.
Keeping a food diary to track symptoms associated with gluten ingestion.
Trial elimination of gluten from the diet followed by reintroduction to assess symptom response.
Management
Management of gluten intolerance typically involves:
Following a gluten-free diet to alleviate symptoms.
Working with a registered dietitian to ensure proper nutrition and meal planning.
Avoiding cross-contamination with gluten-containing foods.
Monitoring for hidden sources of gluten in processed foods and medications.
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